The History of the Lab Rat Is Full of Scientific Triumphs and Ethical Quandaries Lab rodents have been used in animal testing for more than 150 years, and the number of rodent-based studies

About half of the extramural grants awarded annually by the US National Institutes of Health require some use of laboratory animals. Because more than 95% of such use involves mice and rats, public investment in rodent-based research is enormous. The urban animal: population density and social pathology in rodents and humans Edmund Ramsden a. a. School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, England. Correspondence to Edmund Ramsden (e-mail: [email protected]). Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2009;87:82-82.

Stereotypies in laboratory rodents originate in thwarted attempts to leave the cage

Bar biting and other abnor- mal behaviors have been described in mice used in laboratory research as a response to premature weaning, thwarted attempts to suckle, or unpleas- ant cage experiences (Callard, Bursten, & Price, 1999; Waiblinger & Konig, 2004; Würbel & Stauffacher, 1997). Locomotion is the main behaviour animals use to avoid aversive stimuli or gain access to resources, thus pacing stereotypies may provide a window into motivation to leave the enclosure. In this article, we refer to an original opinion paper written by Prof. Frank Beach in 1950 (“The Snark was a Boojum”). In his manuscript, Beach explicitly criticised the field of comparative psychology because of the disparity between the original understanding of comparativeness and its practical overly specialised implementation. The influence of escape motivation in bar-biting in laboratory mice has been most elegantly demonstrated by Nevison et al.

In contrast, stereotypies in human mental Stereotypies are defined in two ways: Repetitive, invariant behaviour without apparent immediate function. Repetitive behaviours caused by the animal’s repeated attempts to adapt to its environment or by a dysfunction of the central nervous system.

In the course of a project on the history of stress, Jon Adams of the London School of Economics and I have traced how evidence of crowding pathology, generated in the rodent laboratories of NIMH, travelled to an alternative setting: the buildings, institutions and cities of the social scientist, city planner, architect and medical specialist.

These behaviors are unvarying in form and are performed almost identically on each repetition. Stereotypic behaviors are repetitive and fixed in posture and behavioral sequencing.

Biotechniek 27, 24-5 and body weight changes) combined with Beynen AC, Baumans V, Herck H van, Stafleu FR detailed pathology provides the best means (1988c) Practical experiences with the assessment of assessing attempts to improve the of discomfort in laboratory rodents in conditions of laboratory animals.

It is the consequence of an abnormal animal in an abnormal environment.

Stereotypies in laboratory rodents originate in thwarted attempts to leave the cage

The most classic behavioral pattern that is characteristic of stereotypy is that elicited … The results indicated that enrichment is more determinant than cage size, as more voles developed stereotypies in SB and BB than in SR and BR. Stereotypic behavior is a malfunctional abnormal behavior. It is the consequence of an abnormal animal in an abnormal environment. These behaviors are unvarying in form and are performed almost identically on each repetition. Stereotypic behaviors are repetitive and fixed in posture and behavioral sequencing. 1991-12-01 · Established stereotypies are also commonly performed when little is happening in the environment, and arousal is probably low. This is true, for example, of flying to and fro in caged birds (Hinde 1962), finger-sucking and other stereotypies in children (Levy 1944; Berkson 1967) and rocking in laboratory-caged chimpanzees (Berkson 1967). 2012-11-01 · Laboratory rodents have been instrumental in helping researchers to unravel the complex interactions that mammals have with their microbial commensals.
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Worldwide, rats and mice spread over 35 diseases.

The jaw musculature is strong. The lower jaw is thrust forward while gnawing and is pulled backwards during chewing. Rodent groups differ in the arrangement of the jaw muscles and associated skull structures, both from other mammals and amongst themselves. Rodents, and in particular laboratory mice, are of paramount importance to the members of The American Association of Immunologists (AAI) and the organization’s mission to advance the field of immunology.
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In this article, we refer to an original opinion paper written by Prof. Frank Beach in 1950 (“The Snark was a Boojum”). In his manuscript, Beach explicitly criticised the field of comparative psychology because of the disparity between the original understanding of comparativeness and its practical overly specialised implementation.

Not all monkeys that experience these environmental conditions develop stereotypic behaviour . All mice were twice as likely to initiate syntactic chains in the laboratory than at home (F(1, 82) = 85.73, p < 0.001), and mutant mice in particular initiated approximately 25% more chains than wild-type mice in the laboratory environment (F (1,86) = 17.315, p < 0.001; Figure 4), compared to only 5% more in the home environment.